Aging doesn't necessarily follow a single timeline across the entire body. In fact, new research suggests that our brains can age at varying speeds, influenced by certain lifestyle choices. A study led by scientists from the Karolinska Institute and the University of Gothenburg analyzed brain scans and biological markers in more than 700 adults around age 70 who showed no signs of cognitive decline.
The findings highlight the vital role of vascular (blood vessel) health in keeping the brain younger. Activities like regular exercise, following a nutritious diet, quitting smoking, and maintaining healthy blood sugar levels all contribute to better vascular health. In the study, people with higher levels of inflammation or blood glucose—and those with a history of diabetes, stroke, or inactivity—tended to display older-looking brains. These factors emphasize the interconnectedness of physical and cognitive health.
Researchers used a deep learning AI model trained on 18,000 MRI scans to estimate each participant's "brain age" and then cross-referenced the results with lifestyle habits and blood work. While both men and women can benefit from healthy blood vessels, the data suggests that glucose levels affect men's brain health more strongly. Looking forward, the research team plans to focus on understanding how hormones, social engagement, stress, and other factors protect our brains against dementia and other age-related decline.